Method of Semiconductor Device Fabrication

ABSTRACT

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device is disclosed. The method includes forming a dielectric layer over a substrate, forming a hard mask (HM) layer over the dielectric layer, forming a fin trench through the HM layer and the dielectric layer and extending down to the substrate, forming a semiconductor feature in the fin trench and removing the HM layer to expose an upper portion of the semiconductor feature to form fin features.

BACKGROUND

The semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) industry has experienced rapid growth. Technological advances in IC design and material have produced generations of ICs where each generation has smaller and more complex circuits than previous generation. In the course of IC evolution, functional density (i.e., the number of interconnected devices per chip area) has generally increased while geometry size (i.e., the smallest component (or line) that can be created using a fabrication process) has decreased.

This scaling down process generally provides benefits by increasing production efficiency and lowering associated costs. Such scaling down has also increased the complexity of IC processing and manufacturing. For these advances to be realized, similar developments in IC processing and manufacturing are needed. Although existing methods of fabricating IC devices have been generally adequate for their intended purposes, they have not been entirely satisfactory in all respects. For example, a feasible method of forming small critical dimension features, such as fins, is desired.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is noted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an example method for fabricating a semiconductor device constructed in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 2 to 10 are cross-sectional views of an example semiconductor device in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of an example method for fabricating a semiconductor device in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 12 to 17A-17B are cross-sectional views of an example semiconductor device in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the provided subject matter. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.

Further, spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method 100 of fabricating one or more semiconductor devices in accordance with some embodiments. The method 100 is discussed in detail below, with reference to a semiconductor device 200, shown in FIGS. 2 - 10.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the method 100 begins at step 102 by depositing a dielectric layer 220 over a substrate 210. The substrate 210 includes silicon. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate 210 may include other elementary semiconductor such as germanium. The substrate 210 may also include a compound semiconductor such as silicon carbide, gallium arsenic, indium arsenide, and indium phosphide. The substrate 210 may include an alloy semiconductor such as silicon germanium, silicon germanium carbide, gallium arsenic phosphide, and gallium indium phosphide. In one embodiment, the substrate 210 includes an epitaxial layer. For example, the substrate 210 may have an epitaxial layer overlying a bulk semiconductor. Furthermore, the substrate 210 may include a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) structure. For example, the substrate 210 may include a buried oxide (BOX) layer formed by a process such as separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) or other suitable technique, such as wafer bonding and grinding.

The substrate 210 may also include various p-type doped regions and/or n-type doped regions, implemented by a process such as ion implantation and/or diffusion. Those doped regions include n-well, p-well, light doped region (LDD) and various channel doping profiles configured to form various integrated circuit (IC) devices, such as a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (CMOSFET), imaging sensor, and/or light emitting diode (LED). The substrate 210 may further include other functional features such as a resistor or a capacitor formed in and on the substrate.

The dielectric layer 220 may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and/or other suitable materials. In the present embodiment, the dielectric layer 220 is a material layer of an isolation feature such as shallow trench isolation (STI) feature, to be formed, which will be described in detail below. The dielectric layer 220 is deposited with a first thickness t₁, which is the thickness of the isolation feature to be formed. The dielectric layer 220 may be deposited by thermal oxidation chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), thermal oxidation, combinations thereof, or other suitable techniques. In one embodiment, the dielectric layer 220 is a silicon oxide layer deposited by thermal oxidation. In the present embodiment, the substrate 210 has a quite flat topography for depositing the dielectric layer 220 and therefore the dielectric layer 220 is formed by a blanket-type deposition. In other words, there is no fin feature formed over the substrate 210 prior to the deposition of dielectric layer 220. The blanket-type deposition may relax process constrains, such as loading effect and high thermal budget, improve quality of the dielectric layer 220 for its isolation function and improve process control.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, the method 100 proceeds to step 104 by depositing a hard mask (HM) layer 230 over the dielectric layer 220, with a second thickness t₂. In the present embodiment, the second thickness t will define a target height h of a fin feature to be formed. The HM layer 230 may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, oxynitride, silicon carbide, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, tantalum oxide, tantalum nitride, and/or any suitable materials. In the present embodiment, the HM layer 230 includes a material which is different from the dielectric layer 220 to achieve etching selectivity in subsequent etches. The HM layer 230 may include multiple layers. For example, the HM layer 230 includes a SiN layer over a SiCN layer to gain process flexibility and process control in subsequent processes. The HM layer 230 may be deposited by a suitable technique, such as CVD, PVD, ALD, spin-on coating, and/or other suitable technique.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, the method 100 proceeds to step 106 by forming mandrel features 310, having a first width over the HM layer 230. In one embodiment, the mandrel features 310 are formed by depositing a mandrel material layer, such as a polysilicon layer over HM layer 230. The mandrel material may be deposited by various methods, including CVD, ALD, and/or other methods known in the art. Then a photolithography process is applied which includes forming a photoresist layer (resist), exposing the resist to a pattern, performing a post-exposure bake process, and developing the resist to form a masking element including the resist. The masking element is then used to etch the mandrel material to form the mandrel feature 310. The etching process includes a wet etch, a dry etch, and/or a combination thereof.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 4, the method 100 proceeds to step 108 by forming spacers 320 along sidewalls of the mandrel features 310. In the present embodiment, the spacers 320 include a material which is different from the mandrel features 310 to achieve etching selectivity subsequent etch. The spacers 320 may be formed by depositing a spacer layer over the mandrel features 310, and followed by a spacer etch to etch the spacer layer anisotropically. The spacer layer may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, oxynitride, silicon carbide, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, tantalum oxide, tantalum nitride, or any suitable materials. The spacer layer may be deposited by CVD, ALD, PVD, or other suitable techniques. In one embodiment, the spacer layer is deposited by ALD to achieve conformable film coverage along the sidewalls of the mandrel feature 310. In one embodiment, the spacer layer is etched by an anisotropic dry etch to form a vertical profile, which will be transferred to a profile of a fin feature later. By controlling the thickness of the spacer layer and spacer etching process, the spacers 320 are formed to have a second width w₂, which will be a width of a fin feature to be formed. In one embodiment, the second width w₂ is smaller than the first width

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, the method 100 proceeds to step 110 by removing the mandrel features 310 while the spacers 320 remain intact. As has been mentioned previously, the etch process is properly chosen to selectively remove the mandrel feature 310, but does not substantially etch the spacers 320. The selective etch may include a selective wet etch, a selective dry etch, and/or a combination thereof.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 6, the method 100 proceeds to step 112 by depositing a first sacrificial layer 410 and etching back the first sacrificial layer 410 to expose an upper portion of the spacers 320. The first sacrificial layer 410 may include photoresist, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, oxynitride, silicon carbide, and/or other suitable materials. In one embodiment, the first sacrificial layer 410 includes a material which is different from the spacers 320 and the HM layer 230 to achieve etching selectivity subsequent etches. The first sacrificial layer 410 may be deposited by CVD, PVD, ALD, spin-on coating, or other suitable techniques. In the one embodiment, the first sacrificial layer 410 is then etched back by etching process such as a wet etch, a dry etch, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the first sacrificial layer 410 is a photoresist layer and it is etching back by a plasma dry etching process.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 7, the method 100 proceeds to step 114 by removing the spacers 320 using the sacrificial layer 410 as an etch mask to thereby form openings 420. The etch process is properly chosen to selectively remove the spacers 320, but does not substantially etch the sacrificial layer 410. Therefore the opening 420 carries the second width w₂. In the present embodiment, the etch process includes an anisotropic etch. For example, the etch process is a plasma anisotropic etch. As has been mentioned previously, with an adequate etch selectivity, the HM layer 230 serves as an etch stop layer during the etch process, which improves etch process window and the opening 420 profile control. The HM layer 230 is exposed in the opening 420.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 8, the method 100 proceeds to step 116 by forming and extending fin trench 425 by using the first sacrificial layer 410 serves as an etch mask. The HM layer 230 and the dielectric layer 220 are etched through the opening 420 and the etching extends fin trench 425 at least to substrate 210. As shown, fin trench 425 extends into a portion of substrate 425. Thereafter, first sacrificial layer 410 is removed by another etching process, such as a plasma strip process.

In the present embodiment, the etch process to form fin trench 425 includes an anisotropic etch, such as a plasma anisotropic etch. Accordingly, the fin trenches 425 are formed continually with vertical profiles and carry the second width w₂. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the width of the fin trench 425 is defined by deposition and etching processes, instead of a lithography process. Because opening 420 was created without performing a lithography process (i.e. opening 420 was created through deposition of first sacrificial layer 410 and subsequent etching of spacers 320), fin trench 425 is formed with more relaxed constraints as compared to a traditional lithography process to form opening 420.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 9A-9C, the method 100 proceeds to step 118 by forming semiconductor features 510 in the fin trenches 425. The semiconductor features 510 are formed by filling in the fin trench 425 with a semiconductor material layer and then recessing the semiconductor material layer. The semiconductor material layer may be deposited by epitaxial growing processes, such as CVD deposition techniques (e.g., vapor-phase epitaxy (VPE) and/or ultra-high vacuum CVD (UHV-CVD)), molecular beam epitaxy, and/or other suitable processes.

The semiconductor device 200 may have a first region 520 and a second region 530. For an example, the first region 520 is an n-type field-effect transistor (NFET) region and the second region 530 is a p-type FET (PFET) region. Different semiconductor features 510 may be needed in the first region 520 from the semiconductor feature 510 in the second region 530. For the sake of clarity to better illustration of concepts of the present disclosure, the semiconductor feature 510 in the first region 520 are referred to as a first semiconductor feature 510A and the semiconductor feature 510 in the second region 530 are referred to as a second semiconductor feature 510B.

The first semiconductor material layer fills in the fin trenches 425 in the first region 520 while the second region 530 is covered by a first patterned hard mask (as shown in FIG. 9A). The first patterned hard mask may include a patterned photoresist layer 540 and it is removed after depositing the first semiconductor material layer. Then the second semiconductor material layer fills in the fin trenches 425 in the second region 530 while the first region 520 is covered by a second patterned hard mask 542 (as shown in FIG. 9B). The second patented hard mask is then removed after depositing the second semiconductor material layer. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process may be performed to recess excessive the first and second semiconductor material layers to form the first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 5108, in the fin trenches 425 (as shown in FIG. 9C). In one embodiment, both of the first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 5109, directly contact the substrate 210.

The first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 510B, may include germanium (Ge), silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP), gallium antimony (GaSb), indium antimony (InSb), indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium arsenide (InAs), or other suitable materials. The first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 510B, may include stacks of multiple layers. In one embodiment, the first semiconductor feature 510A (for an NFET) includes (from bottom layer to top layer) a strain-relaxed buffer (SRB) buried-SiGe layer/tensile Si layer, while the second semiconductor feature 510B (for a PFET) includes (from bottom layer to top layer) an epitaxially grown Ge layer/an epitaxially grown SiGe layer.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 10, the method 100 proceeds to step 120 by removing the HM layer 230 and exposing upper portions of the first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 510B to form first fin feature 610A in the first region 520 and second fin features 610B in the second region 530. As has been mentioned previously, in the present embodiment, the HM layer 230 is removed by a selective etching process, which does not substantially etch the dielectric layer 220. Thus respective upper portions of the first and second semiconductor material layers, 510A and 510B, are exposed, which are referred to as the first and the second fin features, 610A and 610B, respectively. As mentioned previously, the first and second fin features, 610A and 610B, have a width of the second width w₂, a height of the second thickness t₂. The dielectric layer 220 between each of first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 510B form isolation region 620, which electrically isolate the various regions.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first and second fin features, 610A and 610B, are formed after formation of the dielectric layer 220 (the isolation region 620), which not only avoids adverse impacts on the first and second fin features, 610A and 610B, during forming the isolation region 620, but also avoids adverse impacts on the isolation region 620 during formation of the first and second fin features, 610A and 610B. It is referred to as isolation region-first/fin feature-last scheme. With isolation region-first/fin features-last scheme, the fin feature may avoid experiencing high thermal budget process. Therefore, stress relaxation in the fin feature is reduced and a strain level of the fin feature is maintained. Also, in the present embodiment, the width of the first and second fin features, 610A and 610B, is defined by deposition and etch processes and the height of the first and second fin features, 610A and 61.0B, is controlled by the thickness of the HM layer.

FIG.11 is a flowchart of another example method 1000 for fabricating a semiconductor device 2000. The first nine steps of the method 1000, 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010, 1012, 1014, 1016 and 1018, are similar to those discussed above in steps 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116 and 118, respectively, of the method 100. Thus, the discussion above with respect to steps 102, 104, 106, 108,110, 112, 114, 116 and 118 is applicable to the steps 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010, 1012, 1014 1016 and 1018, respectively. The present disclosure repeats reference numerals and/or letters in the various embodiments. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity such that repeated reference numerals and/or letters indicate similar features amongst the various embodiments unless stated otherwise.

FIG. 12 illustrates the first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 5109, are formed over the substrate 210 at the step 1018 of the method 1000.

Referring to FIGS. 11 and 13, the method 1000 proceeds to step 1020 by forming a second sacrificial layer 710 over the HM layer 230 and the semiconductor features, 510A and 5109. The second sacrificial layer 710 may include poly silicon, or other suitable materials. The second sacrificial layer 710 may be deposited by CVD, ALD, PVD, spin-on coating, or other suitable processes. In the present embodiment, the recessing process (such as CMP) is performed in the previous step and it leaves a quite flat surface for forming the second sacrificial layer 710.

Referring to FIGS. 11 and 14, the method 1000 proceeds to step 1022 by patterning the second sacrificial layer 710 and the HM layer 230. The second sacrificial layer 710 and the HM layer 230 are patterned by photolithography patterning and etching processes. The photolithography patterning processes may include photoresist coating (e.g., spin-on coating), soft baking, mask aligning, exposure, post-exposure baking, developing the photoresist, rinsing, drying (e.g., hard baking), other suitable processes, and/or combinations thereof. The etching processes include dry etching, wet etching, and/or other etching methods. As has been mentioned in the previous step, the second sacrificial layer 710 (the dummy gate stack) is formed with a quite flat surface and it carries a flat topography.

In present embodiment, the second sacrificial layer 710 and the HM layer 230 are patterned such that they remain in a third region 720 while they are removed from a fourth region 730. In one embodiment, the patterned second sacrificial layer 710 includes patterned poly silicon layer and is referred to as dummy gate stacks 710. The third and fourth regions, 720 and 730, may include first and second subsets of the first and second semiconductor feature 510A and 510B. For the sake of clarity to better illustration of concepts of the present disclosure, the first subset of the first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 510B, in the third region 720, are referred to as 510AA and 5109B, respectively; and the second subset of the first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 510B in the fourth region 730, are referred to as 510AB and 510BB, respectively. In the fourth region 730, after removing the patterned second sacrificial layer 710 and the HM layer 230, the upper portion of the second subset of the first or second semiconductor features, 510AB and 510BB, are exposed, which form the first and second fin features, 610A and 610B, respectively. The dielectric layer 220 is exposed in the fourth region 730 as well.

Referring to FIGS. 11 and 15, the method 1000 proceeds to step 1024 by forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer 740 over the substrate 210, including filling in spaces between two adjacent fin features, 610A and 610B, in the fourth region 730. The ILD layer 740 may include silicon oxide, oxynitride or other suitable materials. The ILD layer 740 may include a single layer or multiple layers. The ILD layer 740 is formed by a suitable technique, such as CVD, ALD and spin-on (SOG). A CMP process may be performed to remove excessive ILD layer 740 and planarize the top surface of the ILD layer 740 with the patterned second sacrificial layer 710.

Referring to FIGS. 11 and 16, the method 1000 proceeds to step 1026 by removing the second sacrificial layer 710 and the HM layer 230 to form the first and second fin features, 610A and 620A, in the third region 720. At the meantime, the dielectric layer 220, between each of first and second semiconductor features, 510A and 510B, form isolation region 620, which electrically isolate the various regions. In the present embodiment, the patterned second sacrificial layer 710 is removed by a selective etch, which does not substantially etch the ILD layer 740. In one embodiment, the dummy gate stack 710 is removed a selective wet etch or a selective dry etch. A wet etching solution includes a tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), a HF/HNO₃/CH₃COOH solution, or other suitable solution. Dry etching processes include a biased plasma etching process that uses a chlorine-based chemistry. Other dry etchant gasses include CF₄, NF₃, SF₆, and He. Dry etching may also be performed anisotropically using such mechanisms as DRIE (deep reactive-ion etching).

Therefore, in the present embodiment of the method 1000, the first and second fin features, 610A and 610B, are formed after formation of the dielectric layer 220 (becoming the isolation region 620) and after forming the dummy gate stack 710, which avoid adverse impacts on the first and second fin features, 610A and 6109, during forming the isolation region 620 and forming/removing dummy gate stack 710. It is referred to as isolation- region-first & dummy-gate-first/fin- feature-last scheme. With isolation region-first&dummy-gate-first/fin features-last scheme, the fin feature may avoid experiencing high thermal budget process. Therefore, stress relaxation in the fin feature is reduced and a strain level of the fin feature is maintained.

Additional steps can be provided before, during, and after the method 100 or 1000, and some of the steps described can be replaced or eliminated for other embodiments of the method.

For example high-k/metal gates (HK/MG) 810 are formed over the substrate, including wrapping over the first and second fin features, 610A and 6109, as showed in FIGS. 17A and 17B. The HK dielectric layer 812 may include LaO, AlO, ZrO, TiO, Ta₂O₅, Y₂O₃, SrTiO₃ (BTO), BaTiO₃(BTO), BaZrO, HfZrO, HfLaO, HfSiO, LaSiO, AlSiO, HfTaO, HfTiO, (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ (BST), Al₂O₃, Si₃N₄, oxynitrides (SiON), and/or other suitable materials. The HK dielectric layer 812 is deposited by a suitable technique, such as ALD, CVD, metal-organic CVD (MOCVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), other suitable technique, or a combination thereof. The MG 814 may include a single layer or alternatively a multi-layer structure, such as various combinations of a metal layer with a work function to enhance the device performance (work function metal layer), liner layer, wetting layer, adhesion layer and a conductive layer of metal, metal alloy or metal silicide). The MG 814 may include Ti, Ag, Al, TiAlN, TaC, TaCN, TaSiN, Mn, Zr, TiN, TaN, Ru, Mo, Al, WN, Cu, W, any suitable materials or a combination thereof. The MG may be formed by ALD, PVD, CVD, or other suitable process.

Based on the above, the present disclosure offers methods for fabricating a semiconductor device. The method employs a scheme of isolation- region-first/fin-feature-last, and a scheme of isolation-region-first & dummy-gate-first/fin- feature-last scheme, which avoid adverse impacts between the isolation region and fin feature to each other during their formations. The scheme of isolation region-first/fin feature-last prevents fin features from experiencing high thermal budget process. Thus stress relaxation in the fin feature is reduced and strain level of the fin feature is maintained. The method demonstrates improving control of the fin feature width and height, improving quality of the isolation region and low thermal budget. The method also provides forming dummy gate stack inherited a flat top surface, which achieves process simplicity, The method also provides defending a small dimension of fin feature by deposition and etch processes, which relax lithography process constrains.

The present disclosure provides many different embodiments of fabricating a semiconductor device that provide one or more improvements over other existing approaches. In one embodiment, a method includes depositing a dielectric layer over a substrate, depositing a hard mask (HM) layer over the dielectric layer, forming a fin trench through the HM layer and the dielectric layer and extending down to the substrate, forming a semiconductor feature in the fin trench and removing the HM layer to expose an upper portion of the semiconductor feature to form fin features.

In another embodiment, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes depositing a dielectric layer over a substrate, depositing a hard mask (HM) layer over the dielectric layer, forming a fin trench through the HM layer and the dielectric layer and extending down to the substrate, forming a semiconductor feature in the fin trench, wherein a top surface of the semiconductor feature is planar with a top surface of the HM layer, forming a sacrificial layer over the semiconductor feature and the HM layer, removing the sacrificial layer and the HM layer in a first region to expose a first subset of the semiconductor feature and the dielectric layer. The sacrificial layer covers a second subset of the semiconductor feature and the HM layer in a second region. The method also includes forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer over the first subset of the semiconductor features and the exposed dielectric layer in the first region and removing the sacrificial layer and the HM layer in the second region to expose upper portions of the second subset of the semiconductor features to form fin features.

In yet another embodiment, a method for fabricating a semiconductor IC includes depositing a dielectric layer over a substrate, depositing a hard mask (HM) layer over the dielectric layer, forming a mandrel feature over the HM layer, forming the spacer along sidewall of the mandrel feature, selectively removing the mandrel feature, depositing the sacrificial layer over the spacer; etching back the sacrificial layer to expose the spacer, selectively removing the spacer to form an opening in the sacrificial layer, etching the HM layer and dielectric layer through the opening and extending etching down to the substrate to form a fin trench, forming a semiconductor feature in the fin trench and removing the FIM layer to expose an upper portion of the semiconductor feature to form fin features.

The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and /or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 

1.-40. (canceled)
 41. A method comprising: depositing an oxide layer over a semiconductor layer; depositing a silicon nitride layer over the oxide layer; depositing a polysilicon layer over the silicon nitride layer; performing a patterning process on the polysilicon layer to form a polysilicon feature; forming silicon nitride spacers along sidewalls of the polysilicon feature; thereafter, removing the polysilicon feature; thereafter, forming a resist layer over the silicon nitride spacers and the silicon nitride layer; thereafter, etching back the resist layer to expose a top portion of the silicon nitride spacers; thereafter, removing the silicon nitride spacers to form a first opening and a second opening in the resist layer; thereafter, etching the silicon nitride layer and the oxide layer exposed by the first opening and the second opening until exposing the semiconductor layer, thereby forming a first trench and a second trench defined in the silicon nitride layer and the oxide layer; thereafter, removing the resist layer; thereafter, filling the first trench and the second trench defined in the silicon nitride layer and the oxide layer with an epitaxial semiconductor material to form a first semiconductor fin and a second semiconductor fin; and removing the silicon nitride layer to expose an upper portion of the first semiconductor fin and an upper portion of the second semiconductor fin.
 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the oxide layer has a first thickness that defines a target isolation feature thickness and the silicon nitride layer has a second thickness that defines a target height of the upper portion of the first semiconductor fin and the upper portion of the second semiconductor fin.
 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the polysilicon layer is a first polysilicon layer, the method further comprising, before removing the silicon nitride layer to expose the upper portion of the first semiconductor fin and the upper portion of the second semiconductor fin: depositing a second polysilicon layer over the silicon nitride layer; patterning the second polysilicon layer and the silicon nitride layer to form a dummy gate and expose a portion of the oxide layer; depositing a dielectric layer over the patterned second polysilicon layer, the patterned silicon nitride layer, and the exposed portion of the oxide layer; and removing the patterned second polysilicon layer to expose the patterned silicon nitride layer.
 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the removing the silicon nitride layer to expose the upper portion of the first semiconductor fin and the upper portion of the second semiconductor fin includes removing the patterned silicon nitride layer, thereby forming a gate opening within the dielectric layer that exposes the upper portion of the first semiconductor fin and the upper portion of the second semiconductor fin.
 45. The method of claim 44, further comprising filling the opening with a high-k/metal gate.
 46. The method of claim 41, wherein: the silicon nitride layer is a first silicon nitride layer; and the forming the silicon nitride spacers along sidewalls of the polysilicon feature includes: depositing a second silicon nitride layer over the polysilicon feature and the first silicon nitride layer, and etching the second silicon nitride layer.
 47. The method of claim 46, wherein: the first silicon nitride layer is deposited by chemical vapor deposition; and the second silicon nitride layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition.
 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the depositing and the etching of the second silicon nitride layer are tuned to achieve a thickness of the silicon nitride spacers that is substantially equal to a desired width of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin.
 49. The method of claim 41, further comprising depositing a silicon carbon nitride layer over the oxide layer before depositing the silicon nitride layer, such that the silicon carbon nitride layer is disposed between the oxide layer and the silicon nitride layer.
 50. The method of claim 41, further comprising etching the exposed semiconductor layer, such that the first trench and the second trench are further defined in the semiconductor layer.
 51. The method of claim 41, wherein the polysilicon feature is a first polysilicon feature, the silicon nitride spacers are first silicon nitride spacers, the epitaxial semiconductor material is a first epitaxial semiconductor material, the performing the patterning process on the polysilicon layer further forms a second polysilicon feature, and the method further includes: forming second silicon nitride spacers along sidewalls of the second polysilicon feature; thereafter, removing the second polysilicon feature, wherein the resist layer is further formed over the second silicon nitride spacers and the etching back the resist layer further exposes a top portion of the second silicon nitride spacers; thereafter, removing the second silicon nitride spacers to form a third opening and a fourth opening in the resist layer; thereafter, etching the silicon nitride layer and the oxide layer further exposed by the third opening and the fourth opening until exposing the semiconductor layer, thereby forming a third trench and a fourth trench defined in the silicon nitride layer and the oxide layer; and thereafter, filling the third trench and the fourth trench defined in the silicon nitride layer and the oxide layer with a second epitaxial semiconductor material to form a third semiconductor fin and a fourth semiconductor fin.
 52. A method comprising: forming a first dielectric layer over a semiconductor layer; forming a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer; forming a first polysilicon layer over the second dielectric layer; patterning the first polysilicon layer to form a first polysilicon feature and a second polysilicon feature over the second dielectric layer; forming a third dielectric layer over the second dielectric layer, the first polysilicon feature, and the second polysilicon feature; patterning the third dielectric layer to form a first spacer along a sidewall of the first polysilicon feature and a second spacer along a sidewall of the second polysilicon feature; after removing the first polysilicon feature and the second polysilicon feature, forming a sacrificial layer over the second dielectric layer; removing the first spacer and the second spacer to pattern the sacrificial layer; etching the second dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer using the patterned sacrificial layer as an etch mask, thereby forming a first trench and a second trench that extend through the second dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer to expose the semiconductor layer; after removing the patterned sacrificial layer, epitaxially growing a first semiconductor material in the first trench to form a first fin and a second semiconductor material in the second trench to form a second fin, wherein the first semiconductor material is different than the second semiconductor material; performing a planarization process to achieve a substantially planar top surface defined by the second dielectric layer, the first fin, and the second fin; forming a second polysilicon layer over the substantially planar top surface defined by the second dielectric layer, the first fin, and the second fin; patterning the second polysilicon layer and the second dielectric layer, such that a first remaining portion of the second polysilicon layer and the second dielectric layer is disposed over the first fin and a second remaining portion of the second polysilicon layer and the second dielectric layer is disposed over the second fin; forming a fourth dielectric layer over the first remaining portion of the second polysilicon layer and the second dielectric layer and the second remaining portion of the second polysilicon layer and the second dielectric layer; removing the first remaining portion of the second polysilicon layer and the second dielectric layer and the second remaining portion of the second polysilicon layer and the second dielectric layer, thereby forming a first opening in the fourth dielectric layer that exposes a portion of the first fin and a second opening in the fourth dielectric layer that exposes a portion of the second fin; and forming a first metal layer in the first opening over the exposed portion of the first fin and a second metal layer in the second opening over the exposed portion of the second fin.
 53. The method of claim 52, wherein: the second dielectric layer is formed using a first deposition process; and the third dielectric layer is formed using a second deposition process that is different than the first deposition process.
 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the first deposition process is a blanket deposition process and the second deposition process is a conformable deposition process.
 55. The method of claim 52, further comprising: before forming the first metal layer, forming a fifth dielectric layer in the first opening over the exposed portion of the first fin; and before forming the second metal layer, forming a sixth dielectric layer in the second opening over the exposed portion of the second fin.
 56. The method of claim 52, wherein the first dielectric layer is a shallow trench isolation feature, the fourth dielectric layer is an interlevel dielectric layer, the first metal layer is a portion of a first gate stack, and the second metal layer is a portion of a second gate stack.
 57. The method of claim 52, wherein: the epitaxially growing the first semiconductor material in the first trench to form the first fin includes forming a first semiconductor layer stack configured for a first transistor; and the epitaxially growing the second semiconductor material in the second trench to form the second fin includes forming a second semiconductor layer stack configured for a second transistor, wherein the second transistor is different than the first transistor.
 58. The method of claim 57, wherein: the forming the first semiconductor layer stack includes forming a silicon layer over a first silicon germanium layer; and the forming the second semiconductor layer stack includes forming a second silicon germanium layer over a germanium layer.
 59. A method comprising: depositing a silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer directly on a silicon-comprising layer; depositing a silicon-carbon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer directly on the silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer; depositing a silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer directly on the silicon-carbon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer; forming a silicon-comprising dummy fin patterning feature directly on the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer; forming silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising fin patterning features along sidewalls of the silicon-comprising dummy fin patterning feature, wherein the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising fin patterning features are disposed directly on the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer; thereafter, performing a first selective etching process that removes the silicon-comprising dummy fin patterning feature without substantially etching the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising fin patterning features and the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer; thereafter, depositing a resist layer directly on the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising fin patterning features and the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer; thereafter, performing a second selective etching process that reduces a thickness of the resist layer without substantially etching the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising fin patterning features; thereafter, performing a third selective etching process that removes the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising fin patterning features without substantially etching the resist layer, wherein the third selective etching process forms a first opening and a second opening in the resist layer that exposes the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer; thereafter, using the resist layer as an etching mask to form a first trench aligned with the first opening that extends through the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer, the silicon-carbon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer, and the silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer to the silicon-comprising layer and a second trench aligned with the second opening that extends through the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer, the silicon-carbon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer, and the silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer to the silicon-comprising layer; thereafter, performing a fourth selective etching process that removes the resist layer without substantially etching the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer; thereafter, filling the first trench and the second trench with a silicon-comprising epitaxial material to form a first fin and a second fin; and performing a fifth selective etching process that removes the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer without substantially etching the first fin and the second fin.
 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer is a first silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer, the silicon-comprising layer is a first silicon-comprising layer, and the method further includes: before the performing the fifth selective etching process, depositing a second silicon-comprising layer directly on the first fin, the second fin, and the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer; patterning the second silicon-comprising layer and the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer, such that a remainder second silicon-comprising layer and a remainder silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer form a dummy gate over a portion of the first fin and a portion of the second fin; forming a second silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer, such that the dummy gate is disposed in the second silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer; performing a sixth selective etching process that removes the remainder second silicon-comprising layer without substantially etching the silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer and the second silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer; performing the fifth selective etching process to remove the remainder silicon-and-nitrogen-comprising layer without substantially etching the second silicon-and-oxygen-comprising layer, the first fin, and the second fin; and forming a high-k/metal gate over the portion of the first fin and the portion of the second fin. 